What is a pterygium?
A pterygium is a triangular-shaped tissue growth, yellow-white to pinkish in color, on the nasal side of the cornea. It may become red, inflamed or advance toward the center of the eye. Some pterygia grow slowly throughout a person's life, while others stop growing after a certain point. A pterygium rarely grows so large that it begins to cover the pupil of the eye.
Pterygia are more common in sunny climates and in the 20-40 age group. Scientists do not know what causes pterygia to develop. However, since people who have pterygia usually have spent a significant time outdoors, many doctors believe ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun may be a factor. In areas where sunlight and wind is strong or dust is prevalent, wearing protective eyeglasses, sunglasses, and/or hats with brims are suggested.
It is a benign condition and will not spread to damage the internal part of the eye. Because a pterygium is visible, many people want to have it removed for cosmetic reasons. Lubricants can reduce the redness and provide relief from the chronic irritation.
What is a pterygium?
A pterygium (pronounced te-ri-gi-um, plural pterygia) is a triangular-shaped lump of tissue which grows from the conjunctiva (the thin membrane which covers the white of the eye) on to the cornea (the clear central part of the eye). Pterygia often occur in both eyes, usually on the side of the eye closer to the nose. A pterygia is not a cancer. People sometimes confuse pterygia with cataracts. A cataract is a clouding of the lens inside the eye and cannot be seen easily with the naked eye.
What causes pterygia?
The exact causes of pterygia are not known, but they are strongly associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation and hot, dry environments. Pterygia are more common among people who spend a lot of time outdoors, but anyone can develop a pterygium.
Are pterygia dangerous?
Pterygia are not dangerous, although they can look ugly and cause some discomfort. The main problem with pterygia is that as they grow on the cornea they distort it, interfering with vision. If the pterygium grows on to the central part of the cornea, it can begin to block light from entering the eye.
Although a pterygium is not dangerous, it should be checked to make sure that it is not something more serious. If you have any area of tissue on or around the eyes that changes rapidly, you should consult an Ophthalmologist eye specialist immediately.
How can pterygia be treated?
In cases where the pterygium is not actively growing on to the cornea, protecting the eyes from ultraviolet light often will stabilise its growth. In many cases, provided it is not threatening vision and it remains stable, this may be all that is required.
In cases where the pterygium is actively growing on to the cornea and threatening to distort the vision, the only effective treatment is surgery. It is best to have surgery before the pterygium progresses to the point where it interferes with vision.
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