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Cornea transplant

Cornea transplant

What is a Cornea Transplant?

A cornea transplant, also known as corneal grafting or keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure that replaces damaged or diseased corneal tissue with healthy donor tissue. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped outer layer of the eye that plays a vital role in focusing light onto the retina. When the cornea becomes scarred, swollen, or distorted, it can lead to blurred vision or even blindness.

A cornea transplant can be life-changing for those experiencing severe vision impairment due to corneal damage. By replacing damaged tissue with healthy donor corneas, this procedure offers hope for restored vision and improved quality of life.

Why is a Cornea Transplant Needed?

A cornea transplant may be necessary for patients suffering from conditions such as:

  • Keratoconus (a progressive thinning of the cornea)
  • Corneal scarring from infection or injury
  • Fuchs’ dystrophy (a genetic condition causing corneal swelling)
  • Corneal ulcers that do not heal with other treatments

How is the Procedure Performed?

During the procedure, the damaged portion of the cornea is removed and replaced with donor tissue. There are different types of cornea transplants, depending on the severity of the condition:

  • Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK): Full-thickness transplant where the entire damaged cornea is replaced.
  • Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK): Partial-thickness transplant that replaces only the innermost layers of the cornea.
  • Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (ALK): Involves replacing the outer and middle layers of the cornea.

How is the Procedure Performed?

Recovery from a cornea transplant can take several months, and vision may gradually improve as the eye heals. Most transplants are successful, but regular follow-ups are essential to monitor for complications such as rejection of the donor tissue.

Cornea transplants have a high success rate, allowing many people to regain clear vision and return to everyday activities.