Refractive Surgery

Refractive Surgery (LASIK, PRK, SMILE)

Refractive Surgery is a popular solution for people who want to reduce or eliminate their dependence on glasses or contact lenses by correcting common vision problems such as near-sightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), and astigmatism. The three most common types of refractive surgery—LASIK, PRK, and SMILE—offer different approaches to reshaping the cornea and improving vision. Each procedure has its own advantages and suitability based on individual needs and eye conditions.

What is LASIK?

LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) is one of the most widely known and performed refractive surgeries. It uses a laser to reshape the cornea, allowing light to focus properly on the retina, resulting in clearer vision.

How LASIK Works: During LASIK, a thin flap is created on the surface of the cornea using either a microkeratome blade or a femtosecond laser. This flap is gently lifted, and an excimer laser reshapes the underlying corneal tissue. The flap is then repositioned to heal naturally.
Recovery: LASIK offers a quick recovery time, with many patients experiencing improved vision within 24-48 hours.

Best for: Patients with mild to moderate near-sightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism. It is ideal for those who want rapid recovery and minimal discomfort.

What is PRK?

PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) is the predecessor to LASIK and offers a similar outcome by reshaping the cornea. However, PRK does not involve creating a corneal flap, which can make it a better option for patients with thin corneas or those at higher risk for flap complications.

How PRK Works: Instead of creating a flap, PRK removes the outer layer of the cornea (the epithelium), which regenerates naturally after surgery. An excimer laser is then used to reshape the corneal tissue underneath, just like in LASIK.
Recovery: PRK has a longer recovery period compared to LASIK, as the corneal surface needs time to heal. Vision typically improves gradually over a few days to weeks.

Best for: Patients with thin corneas, those who engage in contact sports or activities with a risk of eye injury, or those who are not candidates for LASIK.

What is SMILE?

SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) is a minimally invasive refractive surgery that corrects vision by reshaping the cornea through a smaller incision than LASIK or PRK. This newer technique offers a less invasive approach to treating vision problems.

How SMILE Works: SMILE uses a femtosecond laser to create a thin, disc-shaped piece of tissue (lenticule) within the cornea. This lenticule is then removed through a small incision, reshaping the cornea to correct vision.
Recovery: SMILE has a fast recovery time similar to LASIK, but with less disruption to the corneal surface, potentially reducing the risk of dry eye and flap-related complications.

Best for: Patients with mild to moderate myopia or astigmatism. SMILE is a great option for those seeking a minimally invasive procedure and faster healing with fewer side effects.

Comparing LASIK, PRK, and SMILE

Procedure	LASIK	PRK	SMILE
Corneal Flap	Yes	No	No
Invasiveness	Moderate	Least invasive (surface-based)	Minimally invasive
Recovery Time	24-48 hours	1-2 weeks	24-48 hours
Best for	Most refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism)	Thin corneas, athletes, risk of trauma	Myopia, astigmatism
Discomfort	Minimal	Moderate	Minimal

Which Refractive Surgery is Right for You?

Choosing between LASIK, PRK, and SMILE depends on your specific eye conditions, corneal thickness, lifestyle, and vision goals. During a comprehensive eye exam, our specialists will evaluate your eyes and help determine the best procedure to suit your needs. Each of these refractive surgeries can help you achieve clearer, sharper vision and reduce your dependence on corrective eyewear. If you’re considering refractive surgery, we’re here to guide you through your options and provide personalised recommendations for improving your vision.

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